QNAP添加man pages

默认QNAP是不带man命令的，但是，作为一个Linux重度用户怎么能忍？得想办法安装man啊！经过一番努力，最终成功安装man pages!

需求

默认QNAP是不带man命令的，但是，作为一个Linux重度用户怎么能忍？

得想办法安装man啊！

验证

先试一下

# man
-sh: man: command not found

基本可以死心了。

看看busybox版本

# /bin/busybox 
BusyBox v1.24.1 (2022-03-24 03:13:07 CST) multi-call binary.
BusyBox is copyrighted by many authors between 1998-2015.
Licensed under GPLv2. See source distribution for detailed
copyright notices.

Usage: busybox [function [arguments]...]
   or: busybox --list
   or: function [arguments]...

        BusyBox is a multi-call binary that combines many common Unix
        utilities into a single executable.  Most people will create a
        link to busybox for each function they wish to use and BusyBox
        will act like whatever it was invoked as.

Currently defined functions:
        [, [[, addgroup, adduser, arping, ash, awk, base64, basename, bunzip2, bzcat, bzip2, cat, chattr, chgrp, chmod, chown,
        chroot, chvt, cksum, clear, cmp, cp, cpio, crond, crontab, cut, date, dc, dd, deallocvt, delgroup, deluser, depmod, df,
        diff, dirname, dmesg, dnsdomainname, dos2unix, du, echo, egrep, env, expr, false, fdisk, fgrep, find, free, fsync, getty,
        grep, groups, gunzip, gzip, halt, hd, head, hexdump, hostname, hwclock, id, ifconfig, init, insmod, install, ip, ipaddr,
        iplink, iproute, iprule, iptunnel, kill, killall, killall5, klogd, less, linuxrc, ln, logger, login, logread, ls, lsattr,
        lsmod, lspci, md5sum, mkdir, mknod, mktemp, modprobe, more, mount, mv, nameif, netstat, nslookup, openvt, passwd, pidof,
        ping, ping6, pivot_root, poweroff, printf, ps, pwd, rdate, readlink, realpath, reboot, renice, reset, resize, rm, rmdir,
        rmmod, route, sed, seq, sh, sha1sum, sleep, sort, split, start-stop-daemon, stat, strings, swapoff, swapon, switch_root,
        sync, sysctl, syslogd, tail, tar, taskset, tee, telnet, test, tftp, time, top, touch, tr, traceroute, traceroute6, true,
        tty, umount, uname, uniq, unix2dos, unzip, uptime, usleep, vi, watch, wc, wget, which, whoami, xargs, yes, zcat

可以看到内置busybox不支持man的。

寻找解决方案

去看看官方Busybox是否支持

Busybox : https://busybox.net/downloads/BusyBox.html

发现是支持man的，只是QNAP没有编译进去。

解决思路

给QNAP提需求单？是一个选择，但是太慢了，想官方内置，不知道等到猴年马月了。
QNAP似乎开发了底层SDK，记得有下载过，还没有仔细研究怎么使用。不过记得有附带编译工具链，自己动手编译一个busybox版本替代系统内置的，应该也是可行的。

去看看别人有啥解决方案？

Optware has man but only for the optware installed packages (if supplied) and or manually added files in the man folder.
https://forum.qnap.com/viewtopic.php?t=49961

柳暗花明又一村， entware 支持man pages，可以直接安装了。

插入entware安装方法：
打开App Center，源选择刚添加的Qnapclub，点击搜索框输入entware，选Entware-std 1.03

一条命令解决：

opkg install man-db man-pages

安装完之后验证：

# man fopen
FOPEN(3)                                            Linux Programmer's Manual                                            FOPEN(3)

NAME
       fopen, fdopen, freopen - stream open functions

SYNOPSIS
       #include <stdio.h>

       FILE *fopen(const char *restrict pathname, const char *restrict mode);
       FILE *fdopen(int fd, const char *mode);
       FILE *freopen(const char *restrict pathname, const char *restrict mode,
                     FILE *restrict stream);

   Feature Test Macro Requirements for glibc (see feature_test_macros(7)):

       fdopen():
           _POSIX_C_SOURCE

DESCRIPTION
       The fopen() function opens the file whose name is the string pointed to by pathname and associates a stream with it.

       The  argument mode points to a string beginning with one of the following sequences (possibly followed by additional char‐
       acters, as described below):

       r      Open text file for reading.  The stream is positioned at the beginning of the file.

       r+     Open for reading and writing.  The stream is positioned at the beginning of the file.

       w      Truncate file to zero length or create text file for writing.  The stream is positioned at  the  beginning  of  the
              file.

       w+     Open  for reading and writing.  The file is created if it does not exist, otherwise it is truncated.  The stream is
              positioned at the beginning of the file.

问题就这么解决了。

一个问题，我有很多其它手册，想要安装，怎么办？

安装其它`man`手册

已经有了man命令，只要把手册安装到entware man命令目录中就行了。

找到enteware man手册目录。

cd /share/CACHEDEV3_DATA/.qpkg/Entware
find . -name "*man*"

TIPS：CACHEDEV3_DATA/.qpkg这个是安装qpkg软件的磁盘。CACHEDEV3似乎是表示第三块插入机器的磁盘。

结果输出：

./bin/catman
./bin/go/misc/chrome/gophertool/manifest.json
./bin/go/pkg/linux_amd64/cmd/vendor/github.com/ianlancetaylor/demangle.a
./bin/go/src/cmd/compile/internal/types2/testdata/manual.go2
./bin/go/src/cmd/go/internal/modconv/testdata/dockerman.glide
./bin/go/src/cmd/go/internal/modconv/testdata/dockerman.out
./bin/go/src/cmd/go/internal/modconv/testdata/govmomi.vmanifest
./bin/go/src/cmd/go/internal/modconv/vmanifest.go
./bin/go/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_convert_vendor_manifest.txt
./bin/go/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_list_command_line_arguments.txt
./bin/go/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_download_too_many_redirects.txt
./bin/go/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/gccgo_mangle.txt
./bin/go/src/cmd/vendor/github.com/google/pprof/internal/driver/commands.go
./bin/go/src/cmd/vendor/github.com/ianlancetaylor/demangle
./bin/go/src/cmd/vendor/github.com/ianlancetaylor/demangle/demangle.go
./bin/go/src/compress/bzip2/huffman.go
./bin/go/src/compress/flate/huffman_bit_writer.go
./bin/go/src/compress/flate/huffman_bit_writer_test.go
./bin/go/src/compress/flate/huffman_code.go
./bin/go/src/compress/flate/testdata/huffman-null-max.dyn.expect
./bin/go/src/compress/flate/testdata/huffman-null-max.dyn.expect-noinput
./bin/go/src/compress/flate/testdata/huffman-null-max.golden
./bin/go/src/compress/flate/testdata/huffman-null-max.in
./bin/go/src/compress/flate/testdata/huffman-null-max.wb.expect
./bin/go/src/compress/flate/testdata/huffman-null-max.wb.expect-noinput
./bin/go/src/compress/flate/testdata/huffman-pi.dyn.expect
./bin/go/src/compress/flate/testdata/huffman-pi.dyn.expect-noinput
./bin/go/src/compress/flate/testdata/huffman-pi.golden
./bin/go/src/compress/flate/testdata/huffman-pi.in
./bin/go/src/compress/flate/testdata/huffman-pi.wb.expect
./bin/go/src/compress/flate/testdata/huffman-pi.wb.expect-noinput
./bin/go/src/compress/flate/testdata/huffman-rand-1k.dyn.expect
./bin/go/src/compress/flate/testdata/huffman-rand-1k.dyn.expect-noinput
./bin/go/src/compress/flate/testdata/huffman-rand-1k.golden
./bin/go/src/compress/flate/testdata/huffman-rand-1k.in
./bin/go/src/compress/flate/testdata/huffman-rand-1k.wb.expect
./bin/go/src/compress/flate/testdata/huffman-rand-1k.wb.expect-noinput
./bin/go/src/compress/flate/testdata/huffman-rand-limit.dyn.expect
./bin/go/src/compress/flate/testdata/huffman-rand-limit.dyn.expect-noinput
./bin/go/src/compress/flate/testdata/huffman-rand-limit.golden
./bin/go/src/compress/flate/testdata/huffman-rand-limit.in
./bin/go/src/compress/flate/testdata/huffman-rand-limit.wb.expect
./bin/go/src/compress/flate/testdata/huffman-rand-limit.wb.expect-noinput
./bin/go/src/compress/flate/testdata/huffman-rand-max.golden
./bin/go/src/compress/flate/testdata/huffman-rand-max.in
./bin/go/src/compress/flate/testdata/huffman-shifts.dyn.expect
./bin/go/src/compress/flate/testdata/huffman-shifts.dyn.expect-noinput
./bin/go/src/compress/flate/testdata/huffman-shifts.golden
./bin/go/src/compress/flate/testdata/huffman-shifts.in
./bin/go/src/compress/flate/testdata/huffman-shifts.wb.expect
./bin/go/src/compress/flate/testdata/huffman-shifts.wb.expect-noinput
./bin/go/src/compress/flate/testdata/huffman-text-shift.dyn.expect
./bin/go/src/compress/flate/testdata/huffman-text-shift.dyn.expect-noinput
./bin/go/src/compress/flate/testdata/huffman-text-shift.golden
./bin/go/src/compress/flate/testdata/huffman-text-shift.in
./bin/go/src/compress/flate/testdata/huffman-text-shift.wb.expect
./bin/go/src/compress/flate/testdata/huffman-text-shift.wb.expect-noinput
./bin/go/src/compress/flate/testdata/huffman-text.dyn.expect
./bin/go/src/compress/flate/testdata/huffman-text.dyn.expect-noinput
./bin/go/src/compress/flate/testdata/huffman-text.golden
./bin/go/src/compress/flate/testdata/huffman-text.in
./bin/go/src/compress/flate/testdata/huffman-text.wb.expect
./bin/go/src/compress/flate/testdata/huffman-text.wb.expect-noinput
./bin/go/src/compress/flate/testdata/huffman-zero.dyn.expect
./bin/go/src/compress/flate/testdata/huffman-zero.dyn.expect-noinput
./bin/go/src/compress/flate/testdata/huffman-zero.golden
./bin/go/src/compress/flate/testdata/huffman-zero.in
./bin/go/src/compress/flate/testdata/huffman-zero.wb.expect
./bin/go/src/compress/flate/testdata/huffman-zero.wb.expect-noinput
./bin/go/src/go/parser/performance_test.go
./bin/go/src/go/printer/performance_test.go
./bin/go/src/go/types/testdata/manual.go2
./bin/go/src/image/jpeg/huffman.go
./bin/go/src/vendor/golang.org/x/net/http2/hpack/huffman.go
./bin/go/test/bench/go1/mandel_test.go
./bin/go/test/abi/many_int_input.go
./bin/go/test/abi/many_int_input.out
./bin/go/test/abi/many_intstar_input.go
./bin/go/test/abi/many_intstar_input.out
./bin/man
./bin/mandb
./bin/manpath
./etc/man_db.conf
./lib/opkg/info/man-db.conffiles
./lib/opkg/info/man-db.control
./lib/opkg/info/man-pages.list
./lib/opkg/info/man-db.list
./lib/opkg/info/man-pages.control
./lib/opkg/info/man-pages.postinst
./lib/python3.10/encodings/__pycache__/hp_roman8.cpython-310.opt-1.pyc
./lib/python3.10/encodings/__pycache__/hp_roman8.cpython-310.opt-2.pyc
./lib/python3.10/encodings/__pycache__/mac_roman.cpython-310.opt-2.pyc
./lib/python3.10/encodings/__pycache__/mac_roman.cpython-310.pyc
./lib/python3.10/encodings/__pycache__/hp_roman8.cpython-310.pyc
./lib/python3.10/encodings/__pycache__/mac_romanian.cpython-310.pyc
./lib/python3.10/encodings/__pycache__/mac_roman.cpython-310.opt-1.pyc
./lib/python3.10/encodings/__pycache__/mac_romanian.cpython-310.opt-1.pyc
./lib/python3.10/encodings/__pycache__/mac_romanian.cpython-310.opt-2.pyc
./lib/python3.10/encodings/hp_roman8.pyc
./lib/python3.10/encodings/mac_roman.pyc
./lib/python3.10/encodings/mac_romanian.pyc
./lib/tcl8.5/encoding/macRoman.enc
./lib/tcl8.5/encoding/macRomania.enc
./lib/groff/groffer/man.pl
./lib/man-db
./lib/man-db/libman-2.10.2.so
./lib/man-db/libman.so
./lib/man-db/libmandb-2.10.2.so
./lib/man-db/libmandb.so
./lib/man-db/manconv
./share/zoneinfo/Asia/Amman
./share/zoneinfo/Asia/Kathmandu
./share/zoneinfo/Asia/Katmandu
./share/doc/man-db
./share/doc/man-db/man-db-manual.ps
./share/doc/man-db/man-db-manual.txt
./share/groff/1.22.4/tmac/man.tmac
./share/groff/1.22.4/tmac/mandoc.tmac
./share/groff/site-tmac/man.local
./share/man
./share/man/man1
./share/man/man1/man-recode.1
./share/man/man1/man.1
./share/man/man1/manconv.1
./share/man/man1/manpath.1
./share/man/man5
./share/man/man5/manpath.5
./share/man/man8
./share/man/man8/catman.8
./share/man/man8/mandb.8
./share/man/man2
./share/man/man3
./share/man/man4
./share/man/man6
./share/man/man7
./share/man/man7/man-pages.7
./share/man/man7/man.7
./var/cache/man

很显然，路径就在/share/CACHEDEV3_DATA/.qpkg/Entware/share//man/中了。

那么，安装完entware之后，其它的man 手册放到 /share/CACHEDEV3_DATA/.qpkg/Entware/share/man这个目录中就行了。

把gh git等手册放进去。再次验证

man gh
GH(1)                                                   GitHub CLI manual                                                   GH(1)

NAME
       gh - GitHub CLI

SYNOPSIS
       gh <command> <subcommand> [flags]

DESCRIPTION
       Work seamlessly with GitHub from the command line.

CORE COMMANDS
       gh-auth(1)
              Authenticate gh and git with GitHub

       gh-browse(1)
              Open the repository in the browser

       gh-codespace(1)
              Connect to and manage your codespaces

       gh-gist(1)
              Manage gists

       gh-issue(1)
              Manage issues

       gh-pr(1)
              Manage pull requests

       gh-release(1)
              Manage releases

       gh-repo(1)
              Manage repositories

ACTIONS COMMANDS

完美收工！

可能需要注意的地方，注意man手册的权限644，如果手册copy进去了，发现使用不了。运行下面命令。

chmod 644 -R /share/CACHEDEV3_DATA/.qpkg/Entware/share/man

安装更多的`man pages`

Git手册下载地址： https://mirrors.edge.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/
中文man手册： https://github.com/man-pages-zh/manpages-zh

PS: 中文man手册有不少依赖需要解决，在Docker中已经可以查询中文man了，qnap中试了下，解决依赖搞得头大，暂时就docker中用中文man好了

真正收工了！

附录

man介绍

man命令并非仅仅能查看命令或者函数的介绍，在linux中，有丰富的帮助手册信息，并且每一个手册都有一个编号。编号和对应内容如下：

编号	代表内容
1	可执行程序或shell命令，如ls
2	系统调用，如chdir
3	库函数，如printf
4	设备或特殊文件，如tty
5	配置文件格式或约定
6	游戏
7	杂项
8	管理命令，通常只有root用户可以使用
9	内核例程
n	内置命令，如cd

常用快捷键

手册内容
多数手册包含以下几部分内容：
NAME 功能的简单描述
SYNOPSIS 语法格式
DESCRIPTION 描述
OPTIONS 选项
ERRORS 描述出错场景，这在排查错误时很有帮助
NOTES 注意事项
FILES 相关文件，例如对于man命令的FILES部分内容显示了它的配置文件位置等信息
EXAMPLES 使用示例，会提供一些简单的示例
BUGS 存在的bug，当遇到奇怪的问题时，不妨看看当前命令是否有已知的bug
基本查看
手册的查看和less查看文本类似，可以参考《文本查看篇》或查看less命令的使用，这里介绍基本操作：
空格向下翻页
Home 回到第一页
End 跳到最后一页
/string 向前搜索string字符串
?string 向后搜索string字符串
n 下一个匹配字符
N 上一个匹配字符
q 退出